When someone has used your credit card without your permission, that's fraud and your credit card company can always completely protect you. This has nothing to do with any seller of goods or services that the credit card has been used with. A credit card chargeback is for when you have authorized payment, but you find that the retailer hasn't really kept up his end of the deal.
The first thing you should do then is to talk directly to the retailer to find out how things can be straightened out. If the retailer isn't responsive though, that's when you talk to your credit card company and start a chargeback. Sometimes, you can also get a chargeback process started when the retailer has gone out of business.